5th Conference Proceedings - Table of Contents

FIFTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENVIRONMENTAL COMPLIANCE AND ENFORCEMENT

Table of Contents Volumes 1 and 2

VOLUME 1

PREFACE

CONFERENCE PURPOSE AND GOALS

CONFERENCE PROGRAM

CONFERENCE PAPERS
Theme #1:
Making it Happen: Applying the Principles of Environmental Compliance and Enforcement

1. Launching Enforcement Programs Through Compliance Action Plans and Environmental Management Systems, Sherif, Yasser (see Volume 2)

2. Peoples’ Initiatives and Judicial Activism as a Catalyst of Institutional Reform, Saldanha, Michael F.

3. UNEP Judicial Symposia on The Role of Judiciary in Promoting Sustainable Development, Kaniaru, Donald, Kurukulasuriya, Lal and Okidi, Charles

4. The Evolution of Compliance and Enforcement in Brazil, Shalders Neto, Armando (see Volume 2)

5. Achieving Ecosystem Protection Through Environmental Compliance and Enforcement, Bircher, Nancy (see Volume 2)

6. Enforcement Versus Voluntary Compliance: An Examination of the Strategic Enforcement Initiatives Implemented by the Pacific and Yukon Regional Office of Environment Canada 1983 to 1998, Krahn, Peter K.

7. A Large Scale Survey using Environmental Inspections to Assess and Enforce
the Implementation of the Law on Environmental Protection in Vietnam, 1997, Nguyen, Ngoc Sinh and Phung, Van Vui

8. Enforcement of Pollution Laws in Australia - Past Experience and Current
Trends, Comino, Maria and Leadbeter, Paul

9. Estonian Approach for Environmental Compliance and Enforcement, Ratas, Rein

10. Armenian Bottleneck: Building Authorities and Public Groups Capacities for Environmental Enforcement, Ter-Nikoghosyan, Viktoria and Karamian, Narine

11. Legislative Tools for Increasing Compliance and Enforcement, Bar-On, Bina

12. Industrial Estate Authority of Thailand Strategy for Environmental Compliance, Homchean, Kasemsri

13. The New Basis for Environmental Enforcement in Romania, Vasilescu, Ileana Doina

14. An Enforcement Program that Works: Toxic and Hazardous Materials
Management in Suffolk County, Pim, James H.

Theme #2
Communications, Public Role, and Compliance Monitoring

Workshop2A
Communications and Enforcement

1. Update: Information Sharing as an Environmental Policy Tool: The Indonesian Experience, Makarim, N. (see Volume 2)

See also Information Sharing as an Environmental Policy Tool: The Indonesian Experience Makarim, N. and Butler, J, Volume 2, Chiang Mai, Thailand, 1996, Pages 881 - 891

2. Communication on Enforcement in the Netherlands, Rauwerda, Elizabeth J.J.

Workshop 2B
Encouraging Public Role in Compliance Monitoring and Impact of Public
Access to Environmental Information/ Community Right to Know Laws on
Compliance and Enforcement Programs

1. Citizen’s Environmental Enforcement in Ukraine, Kravchenko, Svitlana

2. UN ECE Convention on Access to Information, Public participation in decision-Making and Access to Justice in Environmental Matters: Towards More Effective Public Involvement in Monitoring Compliance and Enforcement in Europe, Jendroska, Jerzy

3. Good Governance and Community Participation as Tools to Make Environmental Enforcement and Compliance Happen, Karanja, Mary N.

4. Experience of Malawi: Public Role in Enforcement, Makawa, Ernest Mungosaukaakudyaalichete

5. Public Access to Compliance Monitoring and Enforcement Data: A Look at the
Sector Facility Indexing Project and Other Agency Initiatives, Stanley, Elaine G.
and Teplitzky, Andrew L.

6. Public Influence on the Supervision and Enforcement of Environmental Law in
the Netherlands, van Dijk, J.

7. Public Access to Environmental Information - Legal and Practical Problems:
A Case Study of Tanzania, Ringia, Deogratias William

Workshop 2C
Compliance Monitoring

1. Random and Risk-Based Inspection to Increase Enforcement Effectiveness:
Experience of the Slovak Inspectorate of Environment, Rajniak, Ing. Ivan, CSC.

2. Liquid Waste Management in Western Australia: A Case Study in Enforcement
and Compliance, Parker, Adam J., Davies, N.J. and Rychner, H.

3. Understanding Compliance Through Root Cause Analysis, Berman, Joanne and Back, Tracy

Workshop 2D
Multi-media (Integrated) Inspections and Permitting

1. Incorporation of Environmental Management Systems into Integrated Pollution Control Licensing in Ireland, Larkin, Padraic

2. Integrated Permitting in Sweden, Lundholm, Mikael

Workshop 2E
Source Self-Compliance Monitoring Requirements

1. Environmental Auditing in México, Calderon Bartheneuf, J.L.

2. Self-Monitoring, Reporting and Compliance Monitoring in Finland, Hietamäki,
Markku

Workshop 2F
Detecting Hidden Operations Outside of Legal Frameworks

1. Detecting Hidden Operations, Cardenas, Marlito (see Volume 2)

Theme #3
"Carrots and Sticks"

Workshop 3A
Structuring Incentives for Private Sector Compliance

1. Enforcement and Encouragement; An Investigation in the Brick and Roofingtile Industry, Schoenmakers, John M.J.

2. A Socio-Cultural Approach to Environmental Law Compliance: A Philippine
Scenario, Oposa , Antonio A., Jr.

Workshop 3B
Environmental Crimes and Criminal Enforcement

1. The G-8 Mandate for Expanded Cooperation to Combat International
Environmental Crime, Recent Developments in the United States, and
a case study: Project Exodus Asia, Devaney, Earl E. and Penders, Michael J.

2. Cooperation among the Police, the Judiciary, and Government to Control
Crimes Against the Environment, Bakx, R.C., Spel, A., and Wabeke, J.W.

3. Strategy on Enforcing Environmental Law through Criminal Law by the Public Prosecutions Department in the Netherlands, Biezeveld, G.A. and Wabeke, J.W.

4. Local Enforcement: The Role of the Criminal Investigator, Drielak, Steven C.

5. Transboundary Environmental Crimes: German Experiences and Approaches, Gallas, Andreas and Werner, Julia

6. The Position of the Public Prosecutions Department in the Enforcement of Environmental Legislation in The Netherlands, de Lange, Ton and Wabeke, Jan Wolter

7. Environmental Crimes and Criminal Enforcement, Mbouegnong, Pierre

8. Local Enforcement: A Fundamental Component of Environmental Compliance, Spahr, Linda A.

9. Improving the quality of the environmental task of the police in the Netherlands:
a Permanent Process, Spel, A.

Workshop 3C
Citizen Enforcement

1. Citizen Environmental Enforcement in Russia: The First Successful Nation-Wide Case, Mischenko, Vera and Rosenthal, Erika

2. Environmental Compliance and Enforcement Through Public Litigation in the Godavari Area in Nepal, Belbase, Narayab

3. Civil Enforcement of Environmental Laws in Australia, Johnson, James

4. Public Interest Environmental Litigation: A Tool to Ensure Compliance and Enforcement, Habib, Ehsanul

5. Synopsis of Tools for Citizen Enforcement of Environmental Law

Workshop 3D
Structuring Financial Consequences in Enforcement: Penalty Policies,
Recovery of Damages, Recovery of Economic Benefit of Non-Compliance

1. Penalty Cap Programs, Schaeffer, Eric

2. Making the Polluter Pay: EPA’s Experience in Recapturing a Violator’s Economic Benefit from Noncompliance, Libber, Jonathan

Workshop 3E
Role of Negotiation in Enforcement

Workshop 3F
Administrative Enforcement Mechanisms: Getting Authority and Making it
Work

1. Administrative Enforcement Mechanisms in Mongolia, Enkhbat, A.

Workshop 3G
Compliance Schedules and Action Plans: Content, Enforceability and Use
in Compliance and Enforcement

1. The Use of Compliance Schedules Under United States Environmental Law,
Bromm, Susan

2. Update: Compliance Plans - Creative Negotiations for Correction and Penalty, Kamienski, Zbigniew (See Volume 2)

See also Compliance Program Innovations in Polish Environmental Law, Kamienski, Zbigniew, Volume 2, Chiang Mai, Thailand, 1996, Pages 793 - 809

Theme #4
Capacity Building

Workshop 4A
Managing Centralized and Decentralized Programs; Achieving the Right
Balance of Roles and Relationships for Key Functions; Accountability
Measures, Compliance Indicators, and Reporting

1. Compliance and Enforcement in Ghana, Ahorttor, William Yao and
Asiamah, George D. O.

2. Relationship Between the Legal Arm of Government and the Line Environmental Agency or Ministry, Schiffer, Lois (Volume 2)

3. Decentralized Agencies with Overlapping Jurisdictions – A Problem for
Enforcement, Grenade-Nurse, Florabelle

Workshop 4B
Budgeting and Financing Environmental Compliance and Enforcement
Programs: How Much Enforcement Is Enough

Workshop 4C
Training Programs for Compliance Inspector, Investigator and Legal
Personnel

1. Enforcement Training Programs, Currie, Christopher (Volume 2)

2. Synopsis of International Inspector Training Course Compendium, Course and Program Comparison

Workshop 4D
Setting up and Managing Compliance Assistance Programs and Information Outreach on Regulatory Requirements

1. Implementation of Industrial Pollution Control Programs in Sri Lanka, Ellepola, Ramani

2. Compliance Assistance and Environmental Enforcement in Sonoma County
and the San Francisco Bay Area, Paige, Dean C. and Garn, W. John

3. Reaching the Regulated Community Through Compliance Assistance Centers, Vendinello, L.

Workshop 4E
The Science in Enforcement: Setting Up and Financing Laboratories;
Ensuring the Integrity of Sampling and Data Analysis; Scientific Support for Enforcement

Workshops 4F-4J
Tailored Strategies for Environmental Compliance and Enforcement

1. Law Enforcement on Military Sites in the Netherlands, Huisman, Fred

2. Waste Reuse: Legislation and Enforcement in China, Wang, X.J.

3. The Overview of Water Pollution Control in the Huaihe River Basin, Qiuchi Shi

Theme #5
International Cooperation/Transboundary Compliance and Enforcement
Issues

Workshop 5A
Illegal Transboundary Shipment of (Hazardous) Waste

1. China’s Control Over Illegal Shipments: Legislation and Enforcement, Zhang,
Hongjun

2. Hong Kong’s Experience in Control of Illegal Shipment of Waste, Lei, Patrick C.K., Wong, C.F. and Kwong, Vincent Y.P.

Workshop 5B
Compliance with International Environmental Agreements: Focusing on
Montreal Protocol and CITES: Illegal Shipments of CFC and Other Ozone
Depleting Substances and Illegal Trade in Endangered Species

1. Enforcement of International Environmental Agreements, e.g., Hazardous
Waste and Ozone Depleting Substances, Boekel, Cees

Workshop 5C
Illegal Shipments of Dangerous Chemicals Including Pesticides

1. Solid Enforcement of New Substances in Europe (SENSE), Spelt, C.

Workshop 5D
International Enforcement Cooperation to Protect Shared Resources and
Prevent Transboundary Pollution

1. Development of Cooperation Between Central Asian Countries in Solving
Ecological Problems of the Aral Sea, Mironenkov, A. P.

2. Problems of Transboundary Environmental Impact Assessment, Furlop, Sandor

Workshop 5E
Collaborative Targeting of Enforcement on an International Scale

1. The Role of National and transnational corporations in The African Mining
Sector and the Environment - The Case of Non-compliance and Enforcement, Shannon, E. H.

2. Compliance and Enforcement of Internationally Agreed upon Regulations in the International Shipping industry, Ten Hoopen, Henk G. H. (MSc)

Theme #6
Building Regional and Global Networks

1. Enforcing Environmental Law in Central America: A Regional Environmental
Law Program Experience, Gonzalez Pastora, Marco A.

2. The North American Agreement for Environmental Cooperation: A Regional Framework for Effective Environmental Enforcement, Duncan, Linda F.

3. The European Union Network on the Implementation and Enforcement of Environmental Law (IMPEL),Goinga, Betske

OUTLINE OF PROCEEDINGS VOLUME 2

MEMBERS OF THE INECE EXECUTIVE PLANNING COMMITTEE

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

VOLUME 2

PREFACE

CONFERENCE PURPOSE AND GOALS

CONFERENCE PROGRAM

CONFERENCE SPEECHES

1. Welcome to Monterey, Nitze, William

2. Welcome and Introduction to the Conference, Verkerk, Pieter J.

3. Overview and Vision: Environmental Compliance and Enforcement and International Networking, Herman, Steven A.

4. Keynote Address: Environmental Enforcement as a Cornerstone to a New Generation of Environmental Protection, Browner, Carol

CONFERENCE PAPERS

Theme #1:
Making it Happen: Applying the Principles of Environmental Compliance and Enforcement

15. Summary of Theme #1 Panel Discussion, Moderator: P. Leinster; Rapporteur: J.A. Semones

16. Launching Enforcement Programs Through Compliance Action Plans, Sherif, Yasser

17. Institutional Reform through Judicial Activism, Saldanha, Michael

18. Making it Happen: The Evolution of Pulp and Paper Mill Compliance in British Columbia, Bircher, Nancy

19. Public Participation and Environmental Compliance and Enforcement in Cambodia, Sophy, Mak and Dararath, Yem

20. The U.S. Experience with the Toxics Release Inventory: An Important Tool to Identify Potential Risks to the Public and to Protect Environmental Health,
Walker, Michael and Marvin, Thomas

21. Environmental Enforcement in the Czech Republic: The EU Pre-Accession Phase, Miko, Ladislov;Cizková, Helena and Kruzikova, Eva

22. Enforcement of Environmental Laws in Mongolia, Damdin, Tserandash and Batsukh, Bolormaa

23. The General Environmental Law of the Republic of Panama, Hernandez Virviescas, Marco Tulio

Theme #2:
Communications, Public Role, and Compliance Monitoring

1. Summary of Theme #2 Panel Discussion, Moderator: A. Adegoroye; Rapporteur: M. Penders

Workshop 2A
Communications and Enforcement

3. Summary of Workshop Discussion, Facilitators: R. Bakx, C. Currie, J. van Dijk, C. Musgrove; Rapporteurs: J. Buntsma, B. Goinga

Workshop 2B
Encouraging Public Role in Compliance Monitoring and Impact of Public Access to Environmental Information/ Community Right to Know Laws on Compliance and Enforcement Programs

8. Summary of Workshop Discussion, Facilitators: J. Bonine, P. van Erkelens, A.Oposa Jr., L. Paddock, E. Stanley, A. Steinmetz; Rapporteurs: M. Alushin, D. Mowday, J. Rothman

9. South Africa: Case Study on Citizen Participation in Setting and Monitoring Environmental Standards. (Capricorn Park/A Science Park in Cape Town), Andrews, Angela

Workshop 2C
Compliance Monitoring

4. Summary of Workshop Discussion, Facilitators: H. ten Hoopen, H. Laing, M. Mulkey, G. van Tongeren; Rapporteur: J. Aden, J.A. Semones

5. Multi-Sectoral Approach to Compliance Monitoring, Amador, Julian

Workshop 2D
Multi-media (Integrated) Inspections and Permitting

1. Summary of Workshop Discussion, Facilitators: C. Booth, R. Cheatham, K. Macken, T. Maslany; Rapporteurs: G. Ginsberg, M. Penders

Workshop 2E
Source Self-Compliance Monitoring Requirements

3. Summary of Workshop Discussion, Facilitators: K. Boekel, R. Kreizenbeck; Rapporteur: M. Comino

Workshop 2F
Detecting Hidden Operations Outside of Legal Frameworks

2. Summary of Workshop Discussion, Facilitators: L. Spahr, T. Spel; Rapporteur: A. Lauterback

Theme #3
"Carrots and Sticks"

1. Summary of Theme #3 Panel Discussion, Moderator: H. Cizková; Rapporteur: J. Gerardu

Workshop 3A
Structuring Incentives for Private Sector Compliance

3. Summary of Workshop Discussion, Facilitators: K. Boekel, M. Dooley, H. Laing, M. de Nevers; Rapporteurs: N. Peaple, R. Cheatham

4. Structuring Incentives for Private Sector Compliance: Pilot Projects on Audits and Links Between ISO 14000 Series and EMAS, Boehm-Amtmann, Audrey

Workshop 3B
Environmental Crimes and Criminal Enforcement

10. Summary of Workshop Discussion, Facilitators: E. Devaney, A. Gallas, L. Spahr, T. Spel; Rapporteurs: S. Hay, M. Penders

11. Criminal law and the Protection of the Environment in Brazil, Benjamin, Antonio Herman V.

12. Using Coordinated Enforcement to Protect Forests from Illegal Logging in the Philippines, Oposa Jr., Antonio A.

Workshop 3C
Citizen Enforcement

6. Summary of Workshop Discussion, Facilitators: J. Bonine, S. Kravchenko, M. Mehta; Rapporteurs: M. Axline, S. Casey-Lefkowitz

7. Broadening "Standing to Sue" for Citizen Enforcement, Bonine, John E.

8. Legal and Institutional Constraints to Public Interest Litigation as a Mechanism for the Enforcement of Environmental Rights and Duties in Kenya, Odhiambo, Michael Ochieng

Workshop 3D
Structuring Financial Consequences in Enforcement: Penalty Policies, Recovery of Damages, Recovery of Economic Benefit of Non-Compliance

3. Summary of Workshop Discussion, Facilitator: N. Marvel; Rapporteur: C. Musgrove; Expert Economic Benefit Modeling: J. Libber

Workshop 3E
Role of Negotiation in Enforcement

1. Summary of Workshop Discussion, Facilitators: S. Bromm, J.W. Wabeke; Rapporteur: J. Rothman

Workshop 3F
Administrative Enforcement Mechanisms: Getting Authority and Making it Work

2. Summary of Workshop Discussion, Facilitators: A. Parker, M. Mulkey; Rapporteur: G. Ginsberg

Workshop 3G
Compliance Schedules and Action Plans: Content, Enforceability and Use in Compliance and Enforcement

3. Summary of Workshop Discussion, Facilitators: J. Buntsma, T. Maslany; Rapporteur: C. Hooks

4. Compliance Plans: Creative Negotiations for Corrections and Penalty, Dabrowski, Boguslaw

Theme #4
Capacity Building

1. Summary of Theme #4 Panel Discussion, Moderator: M. de Nevers; Rapporteurs: D. Mowday, J.A. Semones

Workshop 4A
Managing Centralized and Decentralized Programs; Achieving the Right Balance of Roles and Relationships for Key Functions; Accountability Measures, Compliance Indicators, and Reporting

4. Summary of Workshop Discussion, Facilitators: T. Maslany, J. Peters; Rapporteurs: C. Booth, D. Mowday

5. Keynote Address: International Network for Environmental Compliance and Enforcement, Schiffer, Lois J.

6. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency National Performance Measures Strategy for Environmental Compliance and Enforcement, Stahl, Michael M.

Workshop 4B
Budgeting and Financing Environmental Compliance and Enforcement Programs: How Much Enforcement Is Enough

1. Summary of Workshop Discussion, Facilitators: H. Laing; K. Macken; Rapporteur: R. Kreizenbeck

Workshop 4C
Training Programs for Compliance Inspector, Investigator and Legal Personnel

3. Summary of Workshop Discussion, Facilitators: S. Bromm, C. Currie, E. Devaney, A. Steinmetz; Rapporteurs: R. Cheatham, A. Lauterback

4. Environment Canada's National Enforcement Training Program - Building Capacity, Currie, Christopher

Workshop 4D
Setting up and Managing Compliance Assistance Programs and Information Outreach on Regulatory Requirements

4. Summary of Workshop Discussion, Facilitators: M. Gonzales, E. Stanley; Rapporteur: D. Paige

Workshop 4E
The Science in Enforcement: Setting Up and Financing Laboratories; Ensuring the Integrity of Sampling and Data Analysis; Scientific Support for Enforcement

1. Summary of Workshop Discussion, Facilitators: N. Marvel, J. Rothman; Rapporteur: M. Penders

Workshops 4F-4J
Tailored Strategies for Environmental Compliance and Enforcement

4. Summary of Workshop Discussion (Government/Municipal/Military), Facilitators: P. van Erkelens, C. Hooks; Rapporteur: K. Boekel

5. Summary of Workshop Discussion (Small and Medium Enterprises), Facilitators: C. Lamers, C. Musgrove; Rapporteur: L. Spahr

6. Summary of Workshop Discussion (Non-Point Sources of Water Pollution), Facilitators: J. Buntsma, S. Casey-Lefkowitz; Rapporteur:S. Casey-Lefkowitz

7. Summary of Workshop Discussion (Geographic or Resource Based), Facilitators: N. Bircher, G. Ginsberg; Rapporteurs: M. Alushin, N. Bircher

8. Environmental Rehabilitation of Sumgait, UNDP Project, Islamzade, Arif I.

9. Forest Policy in El Salvador, Cañas, Carlos and Carballo Broen, Alma

10. Cooperation between Levy-Inspectors and Enforcement Inspectors: A More Effective Way of Enforcement, Steinmetz, Alex H. Z.

Theme #5
International Cooperation/Transboundary Compliance and Enforcement Issues

1. Summary of Theme #5 Panel Discussion, Moderator: A. Gallas; Rapporteur: J. Gerardu

Workshop 5A
Illegal Transboundary Shipment of (Hazardous) Waste

6. Summary of Workshop Discussion, Facilitators: K. Boekel, A. Gallas, A. Lauterback; Rapporteurs: M. Penders, J. Rothman

7. Compliance With and Enforcement of the Basel Convention on Control Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and Their Disposal, Rummel-Bulska, Iwona

Workshop 5B
Compliance with International Environmental Agreements: Focusing on Montreal Protocol and CITES: Illegal Shipments of CFC and Other
Ozone Depleting Substances and Illegal Trade in Endangered Species

2. Summary of Workshop Discussion, Facilitators: M. Alushin, D. Zaelke; Rapporteurs: G. Ginsberg, C. Jorge

3. Mongolia's Experience in Implementation of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora, Batsukh, Bolormaa

4. The Implementation of Biodiversity Convention in China, Li, Xiaohua

5. Compliance with the Montreal Protocol in China: An Investigation in Two Industrial Sectors, Zhao, Jimin and Ortolano, Leonard

Workshop 5C
Illegal Shipments of Dangerous Chemicals Including Pesticides

2. Summary of Workshop Discussion, Facilitators: J. Amador, M. Mulkey; Rapporteur: L. Spahr

Workshop 5D
International Enforcement Cooperation to Protect Shared Resources and Prevent Transboundary Pollution

3. Summary of Workshop Discussion, Facilitators: H. „Rzková, R. Kreizenbeck, J. Peters, G. van Tongeren; Rapporteurs: H. Laing, D. Mowday

4. International Police Cooperation: Presentation of the ICPO-Interpol and its activities in preventing and combating environmental crime, Ekdahl, Jytte

Workshop 5E
Collaborative Targeting of Enforcement on an International Scale

3. Summary of Workshop Discussion, Facilitator: P. Leinster; Rapporteurs: N. Marvel, J.A. Semones

Theme #6
Building Regional and Global Networks